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Today article 13 April

Sonia Kaur

2 hours ago

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred on April 13, 1919, in Amritsar, Punjab, when British Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer ordered troops to open fire on a peaceful, unarmed gathering of thousands of Indians, killing hundreds (with estimates often ranging from 379 to over 1,000) and injuring over 1,000. It was a defining moment in India's freedom struggle, leading to nationwide outrage and intensifying the independence movement.
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The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred on April 13, 1919, in Amritsar, Punjab, when British Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer ordered troops to open fire on a peaceful, unarmed gathering of thousands of Indians, killing hundreds (with estimates often ranging from 379 to over 1,000) and injuring over 1,000. It was a defining moment in India's freedom struggle, leading to nationwide outrage and intensifying the independence movement.Key Aspects of the Jallianwala Bagh Hatyakand:
Context: On April 10, 1919, two leaders, Dr. Satya Pal and Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew, were arrested under the draconian Rowlatt Act, which allowed detention without trial. A crowd protesting this arrest was fired upon, causing violent riots. Martial law was later imposed, banning public gatherings.
The Gathering: On Baisakhi day (April 13), thousands gathered in the enclosed Jallianwala Bagh to celebrate the festival and peacefully protest the arrests.
The Massacre: Brigadier-General Dyer arrived with troops, sealed the only narrow exit, and without warning, ordered his men to open fire on the trapped crowd. The firing lasted for about 10–15 minutes, exhausting 1,650 rounds of ammunition.
Tragedy: Many were killed directly by bullets, while others died in a stampede or jumped into the garden’s solitary well to escape the firing.Aftermath:
Rabindranath Tagore renounced his knighthood to protest the massacre.
Mahatma Gandhi was compelled to launch his noncooperation movement (1920–22).
The Hunter Commission was later appointed to investigate the shooting.
Udham Singh killed Michael O’Dwyer (the former Lieutenant-Governor of Punjab) in London in 1940, in a delayed act of revenge.