Project Context and Scope: Pakistan faces long-standing and complex challenges related to irregular migration, Trafficking in Persons (TIP), and Smuggling of Migrants (SOM). These issues are driven by a multitude of interrelated factors, including socio-economic disparity, limited livelihood opportunities, porous borders, natural disasters, and increasing unemployment, particularly among youth in migration-prone areas such as Punjab. As a result, Pakistan continues to serve as both a source and transit country, with significant irregular outflows to the Gulf, Europe, and other regional destinations via high-risk migration routes. In response, the Government of Pakistan (GoP) has undertaken significant efforts to address these challenges. Notably, in 2018, dedicated laws on TIP and SOM were enacted, followed by the launch of the National Action Plan (NAP) 2021–2025, which provides a strategic framework anchored on five core pillars: Prevent, Protect, Pursue, Prosecute and Partnership. ...